Boards
Editorial
Preface
Contents of Number
1
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Optimization Design and Analysis of Rotary Indexing Mechanism of Tool Magazine in Machining Center
Jun Zhang, Shuli Sun, Hoang Anh Tuan
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Online Monitoring and Early Warning Technology of Repeated Multiple Blackouts in Distribution Network Based on Multi-source Information Fusion and Delphi Method
Wensi Cao ,Mingming Xu , Rongze Niu , Qing Wu , Ruirui Xie
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Contact Mechanics Analysis and Optimization of Shape Modification of Electric Vehicle Gearbox
Qingyong Zhang, Yaru Wang, Weiping Lin, Yongjun Luo, Xingjian Wu
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Design of Digital Aerial Photography System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Rui Wang, Nian-chu Wu, Xin-li Yu
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The Application of Closed Hydraulic System of Hoisting Mechanism in Auto Crane
Duwei Nie, Changxing Fu
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Monitoring Algorithm for Speed Information of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Magnetoresistive Sensor
Yu Tang
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An Adaptive Scheduling Method for Resources in Used Automobile Parts Recycling
Pengfei Ning
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Intelligent Remote Monitoring System for Minor Faults of Intelligent Unmanned Vehicle
Jia Tao, Yuchen Jia, Yuan Gao
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Review Study of Physical and Mechanical Characteristics on Mixed Soil with Scrap Tire Rubber Particles
Jianguang Bai, Yan Zhang, Shuzheng Wu
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Design of Intelligent Obstacle Avoidance System for Fully Automated Unmanned Vehicle Based on Laser Ranging
Chunyuan Li
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Distributed Multi-level Inventory Algorithms for Automotive Maintenance Spare Parts Based on Centralized Control Model
Jiangang Li
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Design of Path Tracking Control System for UAV Based on Adaptive Preview Method
Yiping Li
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Optimization of Clutchless AMT Shift Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles
Jingpu Li, Pengcheng Sheng, Kaikai Shao
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Deep Drainage Detection System for Inland Vessels Based on Machine Vision
Hechuang Wang
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Regional Coordination Control Method of Rail Transit Signal Based on Unmanned Driver
Yongcheng Wu, Changqiong Yang, Lanlan Huangfu
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Unmanned Vehicle Route Tracking Method Based on Video Image Processing
Yiyi Zhu, Na Guo
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Acceleration Sensor Abnormality Detection Method for Axle Box of Unmanned Vehicle
Jianhu Gong
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Driving Pattern Recognition of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Multi-hierarchical Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Qingyong Zhang, Zhenfei Lu, Yaru Wang, Weiping Lin
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Vibration Fatigue Analysis and Optimization Design of a Light-truck Urea Box Bracket
Zhenqi Yu, Huifang Jia , Xingyuan Huang
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Application of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Gear Fault Diagnosis of Automobile Transmission
Aibing Wang, Jianwei Liang, Yapeng Liu
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Contents of Number
2 |
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Simulation
and Performance Evaluation of CO2 Booster System Integrated with
Modified Evaporative Cooling for Supermarket Application in
India
Manju Lata, Rishabh
Yadav, Dileep Kumar Gupta.
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Abstract: CO2 is
one of the rediscovered, ecologically safe refrigerants with
very low global warming potential which has favorable
thermo-physical properties. The CO2 booster
refrigeration system has already been identified as a suitable
choice for the supermarket application to replace the
conventional R404A (high GWP) system. However, the performance
of the CO2 booster system is still comparatively
lower than the conventional R404A system, especially when
operated at high ambient temperature, which compels to improve
the performance of the CO2 system with suitable
modification. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
examine the year-round performance of the basic booster system
and basic booster system with the integrated modified
evaporative cooling system for Ahmedabad city weather conditions
(Hot and Dry climate region). The experimentally investigated
and validated data are used for the modified evaporative cooling
system with real-time weather data taken from the weather
station installed in the institute. Subsequently, the
performance of the BBS, BBS-MEC, and R404A systems have been
compared in terms of COP, power consumption, and seasonal energy
efficiency ratio. The results show that for BBS-MEC, SEER
enhances by 28.66% and annual power consumption decreases by
22.89% as compared with BBS. In addition to that, the total
environment warming impact is also found significantly lower in
the case of the BBS-MEC system.
Keywords: CO2
refrigeration, booster system, evaporative cooling, R744,
natural refrigerator, supermarket;
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Experimental Investigation of
the Performance of a Vortex Tube with Conical Control Valve
Ahmad Al-Qaisia,
Jamil Al Asfar , Nabeel Abu Shaban, Areej Eniezat
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Abstract: The Vortex tube (Ranque-Hilsch
type/ RHVT) is a simple device used to obtain both cold and hot
gas streams simultaneously from a compressed gas. The obtained
cold gas is widely used in many low temperature commercial
applications. In this work, the performance of the vortex tube
was examined experimentally by studying the effects of inlet
pressure variations, conical valve opening percentage, tube
diameter and hot gas tube length on the thermal performance of
the tube. Four tubes with diameters 14, 21, 25 and 32 mm with
four hot exhaust gas lengths; 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm were tested
experimentally and the obtained data were analyzed. It was
observed that the 75 cm length of the hot side length, gives the
maximum coefficient of performance for RHVT, as well as the
maximum cold temperature reduction, either with or without
insulation. Furthermore, the thermal performance of the RHVT was
optimum for the two inner diameters; 14 and 21mm. This indicates
that, when the ratio of hot side length to inner diameter (Lh/D)
lies between 36 and 50, then the thermal performanmce of the
RHVT is optimum and is highly recommended, which agrees with the
results published in previous studies and invesitigations.
Keywords: Vortex tube,
Conical control valve, experimental, performance
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Numerical Analysis of Combustion
Characteristics and Emission of Dual and Tri-Fuel Diesel Engine
under Two Engine Speeds
Radhwan Ali ,
Saddam H. Raheemah, Nabeel N. Al-Mayyahi
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Abstract: The
numerical simulations were performed on a single-cylinder diesel
engine that operates using the direct injection technique. In
this study, a two-dimensional CFD code was used in order to
evaluate the emissions and combustion characteristics of a
dual-fuel operation (diesel-H2, diesel-NG), tri-fuel operation
(diesel-NG-H2), and normal operation of a diesel engine under
different engine speeds. The percentage of diesel fuel was 100%
and 50% with the remaining fraction of different mixtures of
NG-H2 (100%–0%, 50%–50%, and 0%–100%). The results showed an
increase in peak temperature and pressure when gaseous fuels
were added and influenced directly by H2 percentage. With
diesel-H2, peak in-cylinder temperature and pressure are found.
The higher temperature of combustion as a result of a rising
fraction of H2 in the fuel blend proves the formation of NO,
whereas increasing the fraction of diesel fuel limits the
increase of NO emission, and rising percentage of H2 linearly
increases NO. CO emission is mostly effected by NG fraction, but
the rising fraction of H2 decreases CO closer to normal diesel
operation. The mixture of 50% NG and 50% H2 produces optimum
stability between combustion characteristics and emissions.
However, high diesel fraction content is preferable for
sustaining low combustion temperature, high thermal efficiency
by avoiding excessive heat loss, reduces ignition delay, and
peak in-cylinder pressure.
Keywords: Diesel engine;
Dual fuel engine; NG; Hydrogen
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Finite Element Formulation of
Internally Balanced Blatz – Ko Material Model
Ashraf Hadoush
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Abstract : Material
constitutive models often include internal variables in order to
capture realistic mechanical effects such as viscosity. Recent
work for compressible hyperelastic material is developed based
on applying the argument of calculus variation to two-factor
multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The
finite element formulation for this new treatment is developed,
however, the implementation sheds light on a special form of
constitutive model. In particular, the material model is a
function of the first and third invariants of new quantities
derived from the counterparts of the multiplicative
decomposition. These new quantities are defined in analogy to
the right Cauchy Green tensor. This work demonstrates the
required treatment for a special material model that is
formulated using the second and third principal invariants of
these new derived quantities. Mainly, the treatment simplifies
the internal balance equation that emerges from the variational
treatment. This facilitates the linearization procedure of this
new formulation for internally balanced compressible
hyperelastic material. The present work permits the future use
of more complicated internally balanced hyperelastic models
Keywords: Hyperelasticity;
internal balance; finite element
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Hasty Fault Diagnosis of a
Rotating Machinery Hinge on Stalwart Trippy Classifier with
Robust Harmonized Swan Machine
Sumit Kumar Sar,
Ramesh Kumar
Abstract: Monitoring with fault diagnosis of machineries
is critically important for production efficiency and plant
safety in modern enterprises. The process of fault diagnosis
along with extracting representative features from the
vibrational signal with the existing Harmonised Swan Machine
feature extraction technique resulted in high noise sensitivity,
mixing mode problem and data loss. Moreover, measuring the
correlation between the features with the existing fault
diagnosis researches suffers from learning time limitations and
memory constraints. Thus to commensurate a perfect diagnosis, in
this research a “Robust Harmonised Swan Machine (RHSM) with
Stalwart Trippy classifier” is formulated in which the iterative
threshold VMD (Variational Mode Decomposition) estimation of
each mode satisfying a self-consistency nature in decomposition
method of RHSM is performed which in turn resolves the missing
sample problem eminently independent of the signal type.
Moreover, reinforcement learning uses a greedy layer wise
approach empowering quick and dynamic sorts without repetition
and accuracy thus measures the correlation between the features
to classify the faulty features extremely thereby it takes only
less memory constraint with less learning time.
Keywords : Robust Harmonized
Swan Machine, Stalwart Trippy Classifier, RMS, Crest factor,
Kurtosis, feature Extraction
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Designing Food Packages to
Attract Customers: A Systematic Approach
Sa’Ed M. Salhieh
Abstract: Packages are considered an influential tool
used to sell food products by communicating certain marketing
messages to attract customers and influence their purchasing
decision. This paper presents a systematic approach to design
food product packages capable of delivering marketing messages
intended to attract customers. The approach begins by
identifying the main marketing messages that need to be
communicated to customers. Next, perceptual maps relating
customers’ preferences toward existing or new package designs
are constructed to assess the package's effectiveness in
delivering the marketing messages. After that, package design
characteristics capable of embodying the marketing messages are
identified and used as design factors within a conjoint analysis
study to design new packages. The applicability of the approach
was tested by designing new flavored milk packages. The results
of the study showed that the approach allowed package designers
to systemize their analysis of the effectiveness of food package
designs in delivering the intended marketing messages, and to
identify main design factors to be considered when designing a
new package, and to use these design factors to develop package
designs capable of attracting customers.
Keywords: food package
design, new product development, package marketing messages,
flavored milk, willingness to buy
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Adaptive Backstepping Position
Controller for PMSM Drive with Uncertainties of Mechanical
Parameters
Salam Mahmoud,
Mohammad Merei
Abstract: The permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs)
are widely used in various industrial applications because of
their numerous advantages. However, the performance of
conventional controllers (PID) is insufficient in PMSM nonlinear
drive systems, which requires high performance. In this paper,
we investigate the possible enhancements in performance by using
an adaptive backstepping position controller that is designed
based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The backstepping
technique has been successfully applied for nonlinear systems
with external disturbances. The results of the simulation
indicate an improved performance due to the designed controller
ability to track the position reference signal precisely unlike
the conventional controller. The proposed adaptive backstepping
controller has improved performance and effectiveness of the
PMSM drive systems.
Keywords: Lyapunov stability
theory, adaptive backstepping position controller, the permanent
magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)
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Design of a Vendor Managed
Inventory Model for Impulse Purchase Products in a Two-level
Supply Chain
David García ,
Daniel Palencia, Cristian Solano, Adel Mendoza
Abstract: Although there are multiple methodologies to
carry out collaborative practices of inventory management, none
are set up for impulse purchase products. This is a disadvantage
because with the opening of new markets and the proliferation of
consumer culture, the economic importance of buying products on
impulse always remains relevant. In this paper, a Vendor Managed
Inventory model was designed based on the direct participation
of a vendor and a buyer (two-level supply chain), in order to
agree on the procurement operations of a portfolio of impulse
purchase products. For this proposal, a mathematical model based
on classical optimization was designed to minimize inventory
costs. Subsequently, a case study was conducted comparing the
economic impact of the model with respect to a traditional
supply agreement in a non-cooperative scenario. The results
reflected positive economic effects in the implementation of the
model related to the economies of scale to exploit fixed costs
present in the agreement. Additionally, the conditions under
which the implementation of this model grants individual and
global benefits to the participating companies were validated.
Keywords: Vendor Managed
Inventory, Supply chain management, Classical optimization,
Impulse purchase products, Logistics |
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Contents of Number
3 |
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Research on the Effect of
Rotation Speed on the Meshing Characteristics of Elliptical
Cylindrical Gears
Changbin Dong ,
Yongping Liu, Xingwen Fu, Chenchen Dou, Yuxin Yin
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Abstract: Aiming at the
elliptical cylinder gear pair in the reversing device of the new
drum pumping unit, the dynamic meshing process of tooth was
simulated by LS-PREPOST software. The distribution law of
effective plastic strain, effective stress, tooth surface
pressure, tooth surface displacement and meshing force in the
direction of tooth lines and tooth profiles under different
rotational speeds were obtained. The results show that the
effective plastic strain, the effective stress and the surface
pressure in the tooth lines direction will decrease as the
center position of the elliptical contact area of the tooth
surface expands to both sides. The effective plastic strain, the
effective stress and the surface pressure in the tooth profiles
direction will increase with the increase of the rotational
speed, and the rotational speed will affect the changing period
of the tooth surface displacement and the meshing force. The
research results can provide theoretical basis and certain
guiding significance for the dynamic design, meshing analysis,
modification and engineering application of non-cylindrical
gears.
Keywords: Elliptical
cylindrical gear; Tooth contact analysis; Effective plastic
strain; Effective stress; Contact characteristics;
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Systematic Approach for
Selecting a Cleaning Method to Solar Panels Based on the
Preference Selection Index Approach
Mohammed Said Obeidat, Esra’a
Mohammad Al Abed Alhalim, Bilal Raif Melhim
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Abstract:
Policymakers have become eager
to move towards sustainability recently due to the growing costs
of electricity and concerns about the environment. Environment
friendly and economical energy sources, such as solar power, are
being introduced at increasing rates. Photovoltaic (PV) panels
are considered an important method of harnessing solar power.
Although solar energy is one of the most efficient renewable and
sustainable sources of energy, the accumulation of dust and
debris on even one panel in a PV array reduces the efficiency of
energy generation, thus highlighting the need to keep the
surfaces of PV panels clean. Several methods can be used to
clean PV panels, such as Heliotex technology, electrostatic
cleaning, the use of self-cleaning glass, automatic cleaning and
manual cleaning. The Preference Selection Index (PSI)
multi-criteria decision-making approach is used in this study to
compare these cleaning methods. Data were collected via a survey
of solar energy experts in Jordan to enable a comparison of
these cleaning methods, and several attributes were considered.
After the initial PSI analysis, a follow-up sensitivity analysis
was conducted that involved removing the cost attributes. The
results showed that the best method was manual cleaning. The
results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed that manual
cleaning is the method most often preferred by experts.
Keywords: Energy; Cleaning;
PV Panel; Multi-criteria Decision Making; Preference Selection
Index
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The Antimicrobial Effect of
UV-Activated Titanium Dioxide Material Deposited on Dental
Implants
Abdul Hai Alami, M Adel Moufti,
Mohammad Hamad, Kamilia Aokal, Abdullah Abu Hawili, Rawand Naji,
Mohammad Faraj
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Abstract: This work
presents a pilot study on the photoelectric effect of anatase
titanium dioxide (TiO2) deposited on grade 4 titanium discs on
their antimicrobial properties. The focus will be especially
directed towards dental implants applications. This study
details specimen preparation and microstructural
characterization by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray
diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to ensure a homogenous
coverage of the TiO2 material on the discs. The samples were
further tested to highlight the photoelectric response of
titanium dioxide to ultraviolet radiation in the form of
electrical current within the discs. Six discs (three bare Ti,
and three coated with TiO2) were seeded with a 5 µl of
Escherichia coli culture. One disc of each group was subjected
to the same UV light source used for the opto-electrical
analysis for 0, 1 or 5 minutes. Bacteria on the discs were then
harvested and incubated to examine number of viable cells. The
obtained electrical properties confirmed that the
surface-coating provides simultaneous oxidation-reduction driven
reactions under the photoinduced catalytic activity. This
activity proves the benefits of incorporating a TiO2 layer in
mitigating the number of active E-Coli bacteria in a microbial
setup by as much as 21% after 5 minutes of UV exposure. This
photoelectrical effect has a profound impact on the development
of an in-situ oral disinfectant material deposited on
titanium-based dental implants. It is expected that the approach
will promote facile antimicrobial treatment for patients that is
non-invasive and at the same time very effective.
Keywords: Energy; titanium
dioxide; photoelectric response; dental implants; surface
modification; E-coli; anti-microbial; peri-implantitis
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Value Stream Mapping with
Simulation to Optimize Stock Levels: Case Study
Yunus Emre MIDILLI, Birol ELEVLI
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Abstract : Value stream mapping (VSM) is a simple tool
used to identify the waste present within the processes by
mapping the current state. The future state is suggested to
eliminate the waste. However, transition from current state to
future state has always been a challenge in real life
applications. One of the biggest challenge is to determine where
to establish continuous flow and controlled stock levels due to
numerous reasons, such as probabilistic characteristics of
demand, unexpected behaviors, complexity etc. In this context,
simulation is used to assess lean improvements, to analyze the
system under scenarios based on suggested improvements and to
optimize an objective, subject to constraints or requirements.
In this paper, a simulation-based optimization approach is
proposed to determine optimum stock levels in lean
manufacturing, and a case study was carried out for a filter
manufacturing department of a tobacco company. The results
showed that stock level could be reduced by 50% while reducing
the number of machines.
Keywords: VSM ; Simulation ;
Optimization ; Lean ; Stock level;
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Analytical and Graphical
Optimal Synthesis of Crank-Rocker Four Bar Mechanisms for
Achieving Targeted Transmission Angle Deviations
Sabry El-Shakery, Rokaya
Ramadan, Khaled Khader
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed methodology to
optimally synthesize links' lengths of planar Crank-Rocker (C-R)
mechanism to achieve a targeted design with definite
transmission angle deviation. Analytical and graphical proposed
methodologies are applied to three different case studies; each
satisfies a definite case (task). The analytical methodology is
based on deducing six design equations with equality
constraints, which represent relations between the desired case
conditions and the mechanism's lengths. Meanwhile, deflection
and transmission angles; the time ratio limits or output angular
stroke can be easily obtained. Furthermore, optimal synthesized
results can fulfil any definite case requirements which can be
represented using the corresponding six deduced equations. The
optimal charts are presented to quickly obtain the optimal (C-R)
mechanism's lengths, which are achieving the targeted
transmission angles deviations. Consequently, the designers can
easily select optimal synthesized crank-rocker mechanisms'
lengths, instead of time consuming of optimization calculations.
Also, this paper presented a fast-graphical methodology to
directly obtain an optimal synthesized (C-R) mechanism's
lengths. This methodology requires only identifying the design
case related to the chosen mechanism class and the desired
transmission angle deviations through giving the minimum and
maximum transmission angles (γmin and γmax). Moreover, a direct
relation between the mini-max transmission angle deviations, the
(C-R) mechanisms classes and the performance parameters can be
presented. Hence, this facilitates the specialists' mission in
designing (C-R) mechanisms for special uses as driving
conveying, screening and shaking mechanisms.
Keywords : Synthesis,
Optimization, Crank-rocker mechanism, Transmission angle,
Mechanism Design
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Review of Experimental and
Finite Element Analyses of Spot Weld Failures in Automotive
Metal Joints
Aravinthan Arumugam, Alokesh
Pramanik
Abstract: The spot weld failure analysis using
experimental and numerical finite element analysis methods has
been reviewed. The spot weld strength is governed by the welding
parameters, sheet metal thicknesses and the loading conditions.
Spot weld fails either by pull-out failure (PF) mode or
interfacial failure (IF) mode. The spot weld failure modes
depend on the diameter of weld and the loading types. Most
reported experimental spot weld failure analyses were based on
industrial standard test samples under quasi static loading.
Limited work on combined loading on dissimilar metal joints with
different thicknesses was found in the review. The review
further observed that weld bonded joints have better fatigue
life compared to spot welded joints. Extensive work has been
proposed in this review on this type of hybrid joints as current
research showed limited investigation in this area. In the
finite element analysis of spot weld failures, current
researches mostly investigated single spot weld failures using
the standard tests under quasi static loading. The review
proposed further study of spot weld failure of multiple spot
welds under fatigue loading for dissimilar joints and hybrid
joints. Finally, a hybrid system has been proposed to relate the
experimental and computational weld failure analyses for spot
weld optimization.
Keywords: spot weld; failure
mode; diameter; strength; weld joint; lap-shear; coach -peel;
cross-tension; FEA; quasi-static; fatigue
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Experimental and Numerical
Study of Heat Transfer and Tensile Strength of Engineered Porous
Fins to Estimate the Best Porosity
Ali Heydari, Mehrdad Mesgarpour,
Mohammad Reza Gharib
Abstract: In porous media, increasing porosity improves
heat transfer rate and pressure drop across the fluid flow while
decreasing strength of the body. Therefore, determining the
optimum porosity is a serious challenge in balancing these two
functional components of porous environments. In this research,
an experimental study and numerical modeling of heat transfer
and mechanical strength of engineered porous fin have been
performed. In this regard, the model to create the porous medium
is selected as a network of connected spheres. In order to
estimate the best porosity, the effect of the porosity variation
in the allowed range is investigated to achieve the best heat
transfer and tensile strength simultaneously for three different
materials of copper, aluminum and brass. The results show that
the tensile strength and heat transfer optimized simultaneously
for a specific porosity for each material
Keywords: Fins; heat
transfer; porous media; tensile strength; porosity
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Potential Utilization of Iraqi
Associated Petroleum Gas as Fuel for SI Engines
Jehad A. A. Yamin, Eiman Ali Eh
Sheet
Abstract: An engine modelling study was conducted to
investigate the relative change in performance and emissions of
a 4-stroke, spark-ignition engine using Iraqi Associated
Petroleum Gas as fuel. The research was done using a
well-verified simulation software Diesel-RK. The data available
for Ricardo E6/T variable compression ratio spark-ignition
engine was used to conduct this study. The performance of the
engine using associated petroleum gas was compared with those
for gasoline, natural gas, and the average properties of the
natural gas in Europe. The performance parameters studied were
engine power, thermal efficiency, oxides of nitrogen, unburned
hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide levels. The study showed that
the Iraqi associated petroleum gas could not be used “as is” if
the aim is to cut down pollution. The main advantage is the
absence of sulfur in the gas, which is present in the gasoline
used in Iraq. There is a significant rise in NOx levels, a
reduction in UHC, and also a rise in CO levels when using APG
fuel. Further, there is an average reduction in engine power of
about 10% with the associated gas compared with gasoline. At the
same time, the only gain is the reduction in SFC and improvement
in thermal efficiency with the new fuel.
Keywords: Associated gas, SI
engine, Methane gas, Engine emissions, Natural gas |
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Contents of Number
4 |
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MFL Based Prototype and
Experimental Work for Detection of Defects in Cables of Bridge
Structures
Emad Abdelsalam, Feras Kafiah, Sanad Kiswani, Dana Ibrahima, Al
Ghorbanpoor |
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Abstract: This work
offers experimental work and a prototype device based on the
Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) method to inspect and detect
corrosion in the cables of cable-stayed bridges. The developed
prototype was constructed from two flat permanent magnets to
provide a uniform magnetic field. A Hall-effect assembly was
designed and developed. The assembly was placed between the two
magnets in order to detect magnetic field changes due to defects
inside the cable. Experimental work and tests were conducted on
a constructed real cable, with various size of fabricated defect
sizes. The results show that the MFL method is capable of
detecting loss of section due to corrosion defects of varying
sizes. Considerable success has been achieved in detecting steel
defects from a single broken wire to seven broken wires (full
strand fracture), particularly at the surface of the steel
(about 3.8 cm depth from the surface of the cable). However,
limited success has been achieved in detecting defects at the
center of the steel cable, limited to detecting the seven broken
wires defect only.
Keywords: ENDE; Cable-Stayed
Bridges; MFL; Corrosion;
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A Technical and Economic
Study of a Photovoltaic–phase Change Material (PV-PCM) System in
Jordan
Salem Nijmeh, Bashar Hammad, Mohammad Al-Abed, Riad Bani-Khalid
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Abstract: This work
presents a technical and economic evaluation of the application
of phase change material (PCM) in the cooling and thermal
regulation of photovoltaic (PV) panels. The technical study is
performed based on experimental tests carried out on two
identical 3.99 kWp PV systems for one full year at the Hashemite
University, Jordan. The backside of the first system was
integrated with BioPCM. It is a safe, environmentally friendly,
and economically sustainable product that is typically employed
in the building industry to save energy in HVAC. This PCM has
the potential to answer the many concerns associated with the
traditional PCMs. The second PV system is used as a reference
for performance comparison purposes. The actual performance
results show there is an increase of 3.4% in the annual power
production due to the application of BioPCM. The annual
conversion efficiency is 12.50% for the PV/BioPCM system, while
it is 12.08% for the reference PV system. The economic study
investigates the viability of the inclusion of PCM in terms of
the payback period, net present value, and internal rate of
return. These parameters indicate that the PCM investment is
economically unattractive at present.
Keywords: photovoltaic
systems; phase change material; experimental study; technical
evaluation; economic feasibility
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Development of A New
Technique for Modeling and Optimizing Manufacturing Errors for
Cn Machine Tools
Messaoud Farouk, Rahou Mohamed,
Sebaa Fethi
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Abstract: This paper presents a new technique for
optimizing manufacturing tolerances. This technique is based on
the combination of two methods, the goal programing method and
the genetic algorithm. Firstly, cubic splines interpolation is
used to describe machining errors by a set of cubic polynomials.
Tool path error, table motion error and tool wear error are
considered in this study. Then, based on the goal programming
method, the optimization problem is established. In order to
avoid weighting effects in the objective functions, we used a
genetic Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) for the
resolution of the objective programming problems. A description
of optimization processes based on NSGA is presented, and some
of the genetic operators are explained. As a result, zero
percent rejection of machining parts are obtained by this
method. In this study, only three type of machining errors are
considered.
Keywords: Manufacturing
tolerances, Goal programming, Machining errors, Cubic spline
interpolation, Genetic algorithm.
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Thermal Analysis of a Combined
Cycle Power Plant under Varying Operating Conditions
Mustafa
Al-Qudah, Ahmad Sakhrieh, Ali Almarzouq, Ahmad Al-Omari
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Abstract : Combined Cycle Power Plants are preferred for
their high efficiency and low pollutant emissions. Combined
cycle power plants are becoming increasingly prevalent in the
Jordanian electric market place. The output of CCPPs in
operation in Jordan counts 2,180 MW which represents 55% out of
total installed generation capacity. In this work, the effect of
Turbine Inlet Temperature on the net output work and thermal
efficiency of the combined cycle are investigated. The power
output and thermal efficiency are increasing with increasing
Turbine Inlet Temperature. The performance of the power plant
was analyzed for two types of fuels; natural gas and fuel oil
with 100% and 75% load factors. It was found that Al-Qatrana
Power Plant has a maximum efficiency of 43.25% when operated
with 100% NG. This produces 374.62 MW total output power.
Increasing Turbine Inlet Temperature increased the overall
thermal efficiency to 43.69% and the total output power to
378.51MW.
Keywords: CCPP, power plant,
TIT;
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In-situ Hybridization of
Waste Palm Oil: A Physicochemical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic
Analysis
Josiah Pelemo, Omojola Awogbemi , Freddie Inambao, Emmanuel I.
Onuh
Abstract: Hybridization
is one of the techniques for unearthing novel feedstock and
diversifying the existing waste cooking oil feedstock stream. In
the present research, in-situ hybridization was carried out on
waste palm oil (WPO) samples obtained from different sources.
The aim of this current study is to investigate the effect of
hybridization on the physicochemical properties, thermal
degradation, and spectroscopic on both the WPO and hybridized
samples. Two WPO samples were mixed in different ratio and
subjected to property determination and characterization.
Hybridization was found to increase the iodine value, and reduce
the density, kinematic viscosity, and saponification values but
does not affect the acid value, cetane index and higher heating
values of the samples. All the samples witnessed one stage of
thermal decomposition; samples A, B, C, D, and E experienced 13
%, 11 %, 10 %, 8 %, and 3 % weight loss respectively between 320
°C and 470 °C. The peak of derivative weight percentage of -0.06
%m-1 was observed at 433 °C, -0.05 %m-1 at
430 °C, -0.11 %m-1 at 432 °C, -0.09 %m-1
at 422 °C, and -0.06 %m-1 at 430 °C for samples A, B,
C, D, and E respectively. The infrared spectrum curves revealed
that the peculiar peaks at 1226 cm-1, 1363 cm-1,
and 1378 cm-1 found in the parent samples A and B
disappeared in the spectrum curves of hybridized samples C, D,
and E. The outcome of this investigation shows that
hybridization is a viable technique for improving the quality of
existing feedstock as well as creating novel high-quality
feedstock for biodiesel generation.
Keywords : Characterization,
feedstock, in-situ hybridization, waste palm oil
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Designing Food Packages to
Attract Customers: A Systematic Approach
Olurotimi Akintunde Dahunsi, Olatunji Oladimeji Ojo, Ikeoluwa
Ogedengbe, Omeiza Bayode Maliki
Abstract: The lack of electrical power supply in African
homes has led to a quantum proliferation and usage of portable
backup power alternatives like generators. The ceaseless running
of generators makes most homes to overshoot the recommended
service life (approximately 150 hours) and maximum continuous
runtime (4 - 6 hours) of generators in the earliest possible
time. Burnout of piston and its eventual impairment consequently
ensue, and this gives room for endless replacements of piston
and incessant piston wastes. To manage piston waste, and to
create a sustainable piston market, the outlook of reproducing
piston from its wastes is engineered. As a result, this work
examines the conceptual permanent mould design, thermal analysis
and fabrication of the designed mould, and casting of 950 Watts
generator’s piston. The mechanical and microstructural
properties of the as-cast pistons were correlated with the
properties of LM13. Defect-free pistons were produced while the
re-melting process slightly altered the composition of the
as-cast alloy as compared to that of LM13.
Keywords: Permanent Mould,
Mould Design, Piston, Casting, Mechanical properties; Aluminum
alloy
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Adaptive Disturbance
Estimation and Compensation for Delta Robots
Iyad Hashlamon
Abstract: This paper introduces an adaptive disturbance
estimation and compensation approach for delta parallel robots
using three methods. The first method is based on the adaptive
Kalman filter (AKF), the second method uses the Low pass
filtered robot dynamic model (LFDM) while the third method is
acceleration measurement based (AMB) method which utilizes the
measured moving platform acceleration directly into the robot
dynamical model. The considered disturbance is joint friction,
uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics, their effects are
represented as lumped disturbance torque vector. The estimation
performance is evaluated using the mean square error (MSE) as a
performance measure. To control the robot, the nonlinear robot
model is linearized using feedback linearization through the
estimated disturbance which is adaptively scaled using an
adaptive tuning gain to overcome the limitations of the
transient response of the estimated disturbance. The tuning is
governed by a simple developed sliding surface depending on the
error between the desired and actual joint angles. The tuned
disturbance is added directly to the classical
proportional–derivative (PD) controller output control signal
for disturbance compensation and trajectory tracking. Based on
the results, a comparison among the three methods is studied.
The comparison shows that the AKF method is the most accurate
that tracks the desired trajectory in the presence of
disturbance and noise. The other methods are not recommended.
Keywords: Delta robot,
adaptive Kalman filter, disturbance estimation, adaptive control
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Design of a Screw Conveyor for
Transporting and Cooling Plantain Flour in a Process Plant
JMichael
Kanisuru Adeyeri, Sesan Peter Ayodeji, Emmanuel Olatunji
Outomilola, Janet Omoyeni Bako
Abstract:
This paper discusses the
design, simulation and functional performance evaluation of an
inclined screw conveyor with integrated system for cooling while
conveying pulverized pulps from pulverizing unit to packaging
unit of a plant that processes unripe plantain into flour.
Hygiene, ergonomics, conveyance distance and height, thermal and
mechanical properties of the materials selected, ease of
fabrication and production cost were carefully considered. Model
for the equipment was developed using SolidWorks application
software, which was followed by design analysis of its
components. Simulation of the developed model was done using
ANSYS, SolidWorks and Autodesk Inventor application software
packages, in order to predict the performance of its components
and to ascertain its functionality before fabrication. The
simulation results showed that the design of the equipment is
adequate and safe for fabrication. The equipment was then
fabricated and assembled using appropriate manufacturing
techniques. The total fabrication cost is put at One Thousand,
Three Hundred and Thirty dollars ($1,330) only. Its functional
performance was evaluated; the throughput and thermal
efficiencies obtained were 96.1% and 85.3% respectively. It can
be said that the equipment has the capacity to serve its primary
purpose as it was able to convey and cool the material poured
into it from 82.20C
to 29.20C
Keywords: Screw Conveyor
Design, Plantain Flour Cooling, Simulation, Evaluation, Process
Plant |
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